The function of the shock absorber is mainly to suppress the shock of the spring and the impact from the road surface when the spring rebounds after absorbing the shock. When passing on uneven roads, although the shock-absorbing spring can filter the vibration of the road, the spring itself will reciprocate, and the shock absorber is used to suppress the jump of this spring. If the shock absorber is too soft, the body will jump up and down. If the shock absorber is too hard, it will bring too much resistance and prevent the spring from working properly. Therefore, different types of shock absorbers play a key role in the bias of the entire chassis adjustment. Whether the vehicle's chassis is harder or softer, whether it pursues sportiness or comfort, these are closely related to the shock absorber.
Advantages and disadvantages of different shock absorbers
Monotube shock absorber
Representative models: Audi A4, Mazda MX-5 Miata
Advantage:
1. The structure is relatively simple, and the area of the piston is relatively large;
2. It can eliminate the pressure in a big moment;
3. Good heat dissipation effect.
Disadvantages:
1. The shock absorber is easy to be damaged by external force.
2. The oil chamber and the air chamber are arranged in-line, and the stroke is limited.
Double barrel shock absorber
Representative models: Cadillac CT6, Chevrolet Impala, Ram 1500
Advantage:
1. The manufacturing cost is low, which is conducive to mass production;
2. The existence of the outer cylinder body can make the damping oil of the inner cylinder body flow out, and the oil chamber and the air chamber are not arranged in line, which has a longer movement stroke;
3. Low-pressure nitrogen is sealed, which has better cushioning performance than the single-cylinder type, and reduces the piston resistance;
4. The double-cylinder design greatly improves the influence of the deformation of the outer cylinder on the movement of the internal piston.
Disadvantages:
1. The storage capacity of damping oil is small, and the heat dissipation is poor;
2. The diameter of the piston is smaller than that of the single-cylinder type;
3. When the shock absorber extends its stroke, it is easy to cause cavitation (the lower piston chamber sucks the shock absorber oil from the oil chamber under low pressure, which is easy to produce a vortex vacuum, and dissolves into the oil to produce foam. This is the main symptom of attenuation. If The increase in temperature will increase.
Nitrogen bypass shock absorber
Representative model: Ford F-150
Advantage:
1. The compression stroke is long, which makes the compression process softer under extreme driving conditions, and can even produce a soft landing feeling when the vehicle leaps into the air;
2. The internal structure is complex, and even the throttle valve can be changed according to different road conditions to achieve the effect of variable shock absorption;
3. Oil and gas separation reduces the possibility of oil emulsification.
Disadvantages:
1. The structure is complex, the modification is more complicated, and the area is large;
2. The use cost is high.
Electronically controlled shock absorber
Representative models: Ford Focus RS, Infiniti Q50, Volvo S90
Advantage:
The damping adjustment of the shock absorber is convenient and can be adjusted quickly.
Magnetorheological fluid shock absorber
Representative models: Cadillac CTS-V, Chevrolet Corvette, Ferrari 488 GTB, Lamborghini huracan
Advantage:
1. As the wheel control has been improved, the safety and reliability of the vehicle have been improved;
2. By controlling the movement of the body, the driving smoothness is improved, and the operation is more precise and the response is faster;
3. Reduce the occupant's "forward thrust" and "backward" during braking and acceleration;
4. Improve the load transfer characteristics, and provide better anti-rollover control when the vehicle changes direction suddenly during high-speed driving;
5. As the road recoil is reduced, driving is quieter and more precise.
Spool valve shock absorber
Representative models: Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 1LE, Chevrolet Colorado ZR2