(1) Leaf spring: It is made up of multiple steel plates of unequal length and unequal curvature. After installation, both ends naturally bend upward. In addition to the buffering effect, the leaf spring also has a certain damping effect, and also has the function of guiding force when arranged longitudinally. Most non-independent suspensions use leaf springs as elastic elements, which eliminates the need for guiding devices and shock absorbers, and has a simple structure.
(2) Coil spring: only has a buffering effect, and is mostly used for independent suspension devices of cars. Since there is no function of damping and transmitting force, special shock absorbers and guiding devices must be provided.
(3) Oil-air spring: Use gas as elastic medium and liquid as force transmission medium. It not only has good buffering capacity, but also has vibration damping effect. It can also adjust the height of the frame. It is suitable for heavy vehicles and buses.
(4) Torsion bar spring: One end of the torsion bar made of spring bar is fixed to the frame, and the other end is connected to the wheel through a swing arm. The torsion bar is used for buffering when the wheel bounces, which is suitable for independent suspension.