When the vehicle is running, the damping spring is mainly used to absorb bumps and vibrations caused by uneven road surfaces. However, as an elastic element, the spring absorbs and filters road bumps and vibrations while also generating reciprocating bounce motions. The main function of the shock absorber is to suppress the repeated bounce of the shock absorber spring after absorbing various impacts caused by the road surface, so as to accelerate the attenuation of the natural vibration of the spring and provide better driving comfort for the vehicle.
Since hydraulic shock absorbers are mainly used at present, we will introduce the principle and structure of hydraulic shock absorbers below.
The hydraulic shock absorber is mainly composed of: upper support, piston rod, hydraulic oil, piston, oil storage cylinder, pressure cylinder, bottom valve, lower support and flow valve. The upper support is integrated with the piston and the piston rod and connected to the vehicle body; the lower support is integrated with the pressure cylinder and connected to the swing arm of the frame.
When the vehicle undergoes relative movement due to vibration, the piston inside the shock absorber will move up and down, and the hydraulic oil inside the oil cavity will flow from one cavity to the other through the through valve on the piston. With the friction between the wall of the flow valve hole and the oil and the internal friction between the oil molecules form a damping force on the vibration generated, the vibration energy is converted into heat energy and dissipated into the atmosphere.